Crucell Terug naar discussie overzicht

draadje Malaria

1. [verwijderd] 7 februari 2006 23:26

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   Ik bekijk het nuchter en zakelijk. Crucell wordt een miljardenbedrijf. Timing is slechts het enige dat onzeker is. Natuurlijk wil iedere Crucell belegger de koers zo snel mogelijk de lucht in. En ik dus ook. Want mijn belang in Crucell is - voor een particuliere belegger - fors; nu xzorro heeft afgebouwd ben ik misschien wel degene met de grootste belangen in Crucell hier op het forum? ;-)) En hoewel het zware tijden zijn - dat blijkt uit het gedrag van xzorro - ben ik nog immer rotsvast op en long in Crucell.
   
   Grtz,
   ZEKER
2. [verwijderd] 7 februari 2006 23:51

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   quote:

   zeker schreef:

   Ik bekijk het nuchter en zakelijk. Crucell wordt een miljardenbedrijf. Timing is slechts het enige dat onzeker is. Natuurlijk wil iedere Crucell belegger de koers zo snel mogelijk de lucht in. En ik dus ook. Want mijn belang in Crucell is - voor een particuliere belegger - fors; nu xzorro heeft afgebouwd ben ik misschien wel degene met de grootste belangen in Crucell hier op het forum? ;-)) En hoewel het zware tijden zijn - dat blijkt uit het gedrag van xzorro - ben ik nog immer rotsvast op en long in Crucell.
   
   Grtz,
   ZEKER
   

   van mij hoor je niets...(ik hoop id toekomst nog eens vaker een telling te mogen doen en er zijn nu eenmaal mensen die prijs stellen op discretie) ;-)
   
   Nou ja, behalve dat iedereen mag weten dat ik een heel wat kleinere belegger ben dan ZEKER, maar dat ben ik t.o.v. zoveel beleggers!
   
   cheers , ivet
3. [verwijderd] 8 februari 2006 00:46

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   Gelukkig is Zeker , Zeker van zijn zaak.
   Daarom is zijn nick ook ZEKER.
   Ben zeker al heel wat keren elders op fora ene ZEKER tegen gekomen , maar dat was jij vast niet dat is zeker.Ik wens jou van harte toe wat wij elkaar op dit forum zo van harte gunnen.
   Een mooie koers ontwikkeling in de tijd .
   Timing is crucial........ maar Crucell heeft tot nu toe altijd de doelstellingen behaald die door het MT gesteld zijn, dus dat komt wel goed.
   Hangt er alleen vanaf wat JIJ jezelf hebt voorgesteld van de ontwikkelingen van Crucell of je daar happy mee bent of niet.
   Ik hoop van wel want als jij al jouw aandelen gaat dumpen, ben ik bang dat we door de steun heen gaan .
   
   Ach je weet het zelf ook wel. Crucell wordt een miljarden bedrijf. dus gewoon vasthouden , op de plank leggen die stukken en in de tussentijd wat andere dealtjes maken.
   
   Veel succes
   
   Ian
   
   
4. [verwijderd] 9 februari 2006 18:52

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   Malaria research initiative launched in South Africa
   The malaria parasite is developing increasing resistance to drugs used to treat the disease
   Tamar Kahn
   8 February 2006
   Source: SciDev.Net
   
   A new South African research initiative that aims to find new and more effective ways of fighting malaria was launched yesterday (7 February).
   
   It got an immediate boost from the South African government, which pledged 11.5 milllion rand (US$1.85 million) in funding.
   
   The South African Malaria Initiative (SAMI) will promote collaborations between scientists at South African universities, science councils and other institutions, but also plans to forge links with researchers elsewhere in Africa and further afield.
   
   It will focus on developing new medicines and better ways to diagnose malaria, as well as researching how the malaria parasite interacts with its mosquito host.
   
   Even though South Africa has relatively few malaria cases compared to other countries in the region, the disease still poses a serious threat, says Jane Morris, director of the African Centre for Gene Technologies, which began planning SAMI last year.
   
   The parasite is becoming increasingly resistant to drugs and insecticides. Last month, the World Health Organization warned that it could also develop resistance to the world's most effective malaria drug, artemisinin, if it is used inappropriately (see WHO warns against misuse of key malaria drug).
   
   Morris said scientists are racing to find new ways to combat malaria and the mosquitoes that spread it, and that SAMI would seek additional funds from international donors to support its contribution to the fight against Africa's most deadly disease.
   
   Science minister Mosibudi Mangena urged SAMI to find ways to combat malaria that were affordable and practical for developing countries.
   
   Malaria kills between one and two million people each year, mostly in poor countries. About 57 per cent of the 500 million malaria cases reported each year occur in sub-Saharan-Africa, 30 per cent in Asia, and about five per cent in the Americas, says the WHO.
   www.scidev.net/content/news/eng/malar...
5. [verwijderd] 7 maart 2006 17:17

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   Van het Yahoo-forum: malaria-deelneming. Ik weet niet wat dat betekent voor Crucell's malaria project.
   
   Looks like yet another pie that Crucell has its finger in:
   
   "About Pevion Biotech
   
   Pevion Biotech is a privately owned Swiss biopharmaceutical company focusing on the immunological treatment and prevention of infectious diseases and cancer. The company is a leading specialist in the development of efficient and safe vaccines based on its proprietary virosomal technology platforms. Its technology is validated by two registered products which are marketed in over 45 countries. Pevion Biotech’s development pipeline includes, among others, vaccines against breast cancer, malaria, Alzheimer’s disease and hepatitis C.
   
   Pevion Biotech was founded in 2002 as a joint venture company of Berna Biotech AG (a Crucell Company) (SWX: CRX ) and Bachem AG (SWX: BANB). Located in Bern, Switzerland, the company currently has a highly qualified staff of 21 scientists."
   
   TODAY ON PHARMALIVE.COM
   
   Successful Phase I Clinical Trial with Pevion Biotech's Malaria Vaccine
   
   Positive Final Phase I Results for Pevion Biotech’s Malaria Vaccine
   
   Pevion Biotech announced today that two components of its prophylactic malaria vaccine PEV3A successfully finished a Phase I clinical trial. The trial was initiated in November 2003 and designed to evaluate safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of its vaccine when administered at different dose levels. Vaccination at all dose levels was well tolerated in all subjects and generated a long lasting and specific antibody immune response. The positive results allowed a rational design for the ongoing Phase IIa study.
   
   BERN, Switzerland, March 7, 2006 – In co-operation with the Swiss Tropical Institute (STI) and the Basel University Hospital, Pevion Biotech conducted a randomized, single blinded placebo-controlled Phase I study. Its goal was to evaluate the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of two components of the company’s multivalent malaria vaccine. The two synthetic peptide vaccine components, which mimic the native structure of important antigens of the malaria parasite, were administered alone and in combination to 46 healthy volunteers. The clinical data showed after three vaccinations that the peptide vaccine is very well tolerated, safe and highly immunogenic. All volunteers demonstrated a positive seroconversion with the appropriate dosage. The elicited antibodies were highly specific and able to inhibit their ability to invade liver tissue in vitro. The Phase I study further indicates that two immunizations with the two components may be sufficient for eliciting an appropriate and long lasting immune response even in subjects without any malaria pre-immunity. Another issue tested in this study was whether the combined delivery of the two vaccine components may interfere with their ability to elicit the appropriate immune response. The study results confirmed that the combined application did not interfere with the development of an immune response to either of the two components.
   
   Peter Klein, CEO of Pevion Biotech, states: “The very positive results of this Phase I study reflect the advantage of combining an already approved vaccine technology with promising new antigens. The two malaria antigens induced an excellent immune response, which lasted for
   more than 1 year. These results encourage us to advance the vaccine into Phase II clinical testing and to apply Pevion Biotech’s PeviPROTM technology platform for a number of additional indications.“
   
   Based on the successful outcome of the malaria Phase I study, Pevion Biotech initiated a Phase IIa clinical study in October 2005. This trial is being conducted to obtain further data about the immunogenicity and efficacy of the two components. First results are expected in mid 2006.
   
   
6. [verwijderd] 7 maart 2006 17:49

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   Aanbevolen psycho!
   Posting van Ivet erbij(pagina 1, dit draadje):
   
   invoorentegenspoed - 7 feb 06, 10:09
   
   ik weet niet wat Berna nu nog doet mbt malaria, maar vond een aantal links:
   
   www.bernabiotech.com/news/archive/new...
   
   www.bernabiotech.com/news/archive/new...
   
   www.pevion.com/downloads/pevion/doc/P...
   
   mvg ivet
7. [verwijderd] 8 maart 2006 08:49

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   Over malaria en EPO:
   J Infect Dis. 2006 Apr 1;193(7):987-95. Epub 2006 Feb 28. Related Articles, Links
   
   
   Recombinant Human Erythropoietin Prevents the Death of Mice during Cerebral Malaria.
   
   Kaiser K, Texier A, Ferrandiz J, Buguet A, Meiller A, Latour C, Peyron F, Cespuglio R, Picot S.
   
   Equipe d'Accueil 37-32, Parasitologie et Medicine Tropicale, Faculte de Medecine, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
   
   Cerebral involvement during malaria is a complication that leads to seizure, coma, and death. The effect of new neuroprotective therapies has not yet been investigated, although cerebral malaria shares some features with neurological stroke. Erythropoietin (EPO) is one of the more promising drugs in this area. We measured the effect of EPO on the survival of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA and demonstrated that inoculations of recombinant human EPO at the beginning of the clinical manifestations of cerebral malaria protect >90% of mice from death. This drug has no effect on the course of parasitemia. The effect of EPO was not related to either the inhibition of apoptosis in the brain or the regulation of the increase and decrease of nitric oxide production in the brain and blood, respectively. Tumor necrosis factor- alpha and interferon- gamma mRNA overexpression was inhibited by EPO, and treated mice had fewer brain hemorrhages. EPO has been used in patients with chronic diseases for years, and more recently it has been used to treat acute ischemic stroke. The data presented here provide the first evidence indicating that this cytokine could be useful for the symptomatic prevention of mortality during the acute stage of cerebral malaria.
   
   PMID: 16518761 [PubMed - in process]
   www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcg...
8. [verwijderd] 8 maart 2006 09:14

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   da's mooi voor Crucell-Berna..: EPO hoopvol tegen effecten van Malaria!
9. [verwijderd] 12 maart 2006 08:41

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   Fever is Rising
   
   125 years after the discovery of the malaria parasite, an ideal drug or vaccine for malaria has been elusive so far. Efforts have not been successful so far because scientists don't have knowledge about the components of the natural immune response to malaria that provide protection against the dreaded disease. Sapna Dogra takes stock of the current state of affairs
   
   Malaria has staged an alarming comeback as a global threat and is estimated to infect over 100 million people annually. The emergence and spread of drug resistance in malaria has accounted for the re-emergence of the disease as a major global threat in the past 20 years. Over two million people in India are affected every year by the mosquito-borne disease, which claims hundreds of lives. But, there is hope that a vaccine could one day be developed.
   
   According to Dr Krishna M Ella, Chairman and Managing Director, Bharat Biotech International, there are no vaccines licensed against malaria in the world. In fact, there are no vaccines licensed against any human parasite. Many scientists, however, are trying to develop vaccines around the world. There is tremendous progress being made and more malaria vaccines are being tested in people every year.
   
   Ray of Hope
   With sequencing of the genome of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, along with the genome of Anopheles gambiae, the mosquito that transports the deadly disease from person to person, the path to identify potential proteins to target in a new vaccine is clear. The scientists have sequenced 5300 genes in P falciparum, which would help them to study the signals that allow P falciparum to constantly present different combinations of proteins. Over half of the parasite's gene code for proteins has never been seen before. This may prove useful because these proteins are not found in humans and they may make good drug targets.
   
   In a landmark development, by 2008, about 2,000 infants in Africa will be inoculated against malaria in the largest-ever trial undertaken of an experimental vaccine for malaria. As of now no malaria vaccine has ever progressed to manufacture and licensing as RTS,S has. Experts feel that if the vaccine, known as RTS,S, proves effective in reducing the rates of death and serious illness in children with malaria, it would undoubtedly be a public health triumph. It also holds high stakes for GSK Biologicals that is hoping to license the product.
   
   
   The Indian scenario,....lees verder via www.expresspharmapulse.com/20060315/r...
   
10. [verwijderd] 20 maart 2006 13:01

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    New Agreement Expands Clinical Testing Of A Chinese Malaria Vaccine Candidate
    
    In a move that promises to expand the clinical testing of another promising malaria vaccine candidate, the US-based PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI) and the Chinese company Shanghai Wanxing Bio-Pharmaceuticals today announced an agreement that supports the development of a pediatric malaria vaccine against Plasmodium (P.) falciparum, the most deadly strain of malaria.
    
    The agreement focuses on the candidate vaccine known as PfCP2.9. Under development for close to a decade, the vaccine was created at the Shanghai Second Military Medical University by a team headed by Professor Pan Weiqing, whose research has long been recognized and supported by the World Health Organization (WHO). The technology was licensed to Wanxing Bio-Pharmaceuticals in 2001 for development.
    
    The project announced today will allow improvements in the manufacturing process and will lead to the safety evaluation of the vaccine. It is the first step in a clinical development plan that is meant to generate proof that the product can safely and effectively prevent children from dying from infection with the deadly parasite.
    
    “MVI is excited to be a partner in this project and is pleased to support the development of this promising vaccine candidate,” said MVI Director, Dr. Melinda Moree. “Malaria has been killing humans for millennia. The world will need multiple strategies-including a vaccine-to conquer the disease.”
    
    Wanxing General Manager Mr. Yang Banjun said he expected the partnership to lead to the validation of his company's expertise and its product. “The ultimate target population for this vaccine is young children who are at risk of infection with the parasite P. falciparum. This trial is an important step toward saving their lives.”
    
    Malaria continues to exact a heavy toll on the health and economic welfare of the world's poorest communities. P. falciparum is responsible for the annual deaths of more than one million people, the overwhelming majority of them children under the age of five in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria is also a serious public health problem in other parts of the world. In China, which has witnessed a resurgence of the disease since 2000, the impact is greatest in the southern regions of Yunnan and Hainan.
    
    No licensed malaria vaccine exists, but Mr. Yang, Dr. Moree, and others say that with many more quality vaccine candidates entering the clinical development process than ever before, the world may not be far from licensing and delivering a safe, effective, and affordable product to communities that need it. MVI itself is working on 20 vaccine candidates through partnerships that span five continents.
11. [verwijderd] 20 maart 2006 13:01

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    “For the first time in malaria vaccine development, there is a robust pipeline of candidate vaccines to be evaluated in clinical trials,” said Dr. Marie-Paule Kieny, director of the WHO Initiative for Vaccine Research.
    
    The Chinese vaccine candidate targets the malaria parasite at its most destructive stage-its rapid replication in human red blood cells. By combining the key segments of the blood-stage proteins MSP1 and AMA1 into one molecule, PfCP2.9 aims to elicit the antibodies necessary to inhibit the parasite's invasion of red blood cells. Pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that with the correct conformation, this fusion protein is effective at accomplishing this function.
    
    The trial, which began in February, is sponsored by Shanghai Wanxing Bio-pharmaceuticals in collaboration with MVI and WHO. It follows a previous WHO-supported trial that established initial safety of the vaccine in healthy adults in 2004. The new trial is meant to provide Wanxing and MVI with the data needed to determine the optimal dose levels and vaccination schedule required to maximize the vaccine's safety and tolerability. Changhai Hospital in Shanghai will conduct the eight-month trial, which will involve 70 healthy adult volunteers. If successful, the trial will be followed by additional studies involving adults and children in malaria-endemic settings.
    
    PATH is an international, nonprofit organization that creates sustainable, culturally relevant solutions, enabling communities worldwide to break longstanding cycles of poor health. For more information, visit www.path.org. The PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI) is a global program established through an initial grant of $50 million from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which has since awarded it an additional $207.6 million, including $107.6 million to complete development of the RTS,S vaccine. MVI's mission is to accelerate the development of promising malaria vaccines and ensure their availability and accessibility in the developing world. For more information, visit www.malariavaccine.org.
    
    Shanghai Wanxing Bio-Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. was established in 1996 as a bio-tech enterprise that integrates R&D, manufacturing, and market sales. Based in the Shanghai Pudong High-Tech Zone, Wanxing is known for its development of recombinant therapies. Its products are used in the treatment of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, viral infections, and other conditions. PfCP2.9 is the company's first vaccine.
    
    WHO promotes collaboration among public and private organizations in malaria vaccine development. WHO's Initiative for Vaccine Research (IVR) provides technical advice to support a robust pipeline of vaccine candidates. Emphasizing normative activities, including support to new trial sites to conduct clinical trials according to good clinical practice and ethics, guidance on the preclinical and clinical evaluation of candidates following rigorous scientific, safety and regulatory principles is also provided. Ultimately, the organization aims to ensure that sound and credible research and analysis form the backbone of evidence in order to formulate recommendations for decision and policy makers on a future malaria vaccine.
12. [verwijderd] 21 maart 2006 08:08

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    Small heat rise may offer big boost for malaria
    
    22:00 20 March 2006
    NewScientist.com news service
    Roxanne Khamsi
    
    
    Even small changes in temperature may contribute to the spread of malaria in the East African highlands, a new modelling study has found – a result sharply contrasting with previous research.
    
    The latest work suggests populations of malarial mosquitoes could grow substantially with just a small rise in temperatures. For example, the mathematical models suggest a 3% rise in local temperature from one year to the next can mean a 30% to 40% increase in mosquito abundance. Experts note the new research also uses five more years of temperature data from Africa that previous work did not.
    
    Up to 2.7 million people die each year from malaria, and the majority of them are African children. Because areas of higher altitude are cooler, the mosquitoes that carry malaria have a tougher time reproducing there and spreading the illness. “In the highlands, mosquito abundance is typically very low,” says ecologist Mercedes Pascual of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in the US.
    
    But she says health officials have seen a rising number of malaria cases in these highland regions. In one dramatic example, the tea estates of Kericho in western Kenya saw a rise in severe malaria cases from 16 per 1000 people in 1986 to 120 per 1000 people in 1998.
    
    El Niño effect
    In 2002, other researchers failed to find a connection between climate change and the growth of malaria in the highlands of east Africa (Nature, vol 415, p 905).
    
    Yet some studies have linked large epidemics of malaria with climate and temperature anomalies in other regions, such as in the Indian subcontinent and Uganda. And earlier in 2006 scientists showed how El Niño-related climate variability can be linked to malaria outbreaks in Botswana (Nature, vol 415, p 576).
    
    A combination of modified algorithms and additional data gave Pascual and her colleagues a new view on how climate might influence malaria in African highlands. Their work relied partly on information from laboratory experiments into how mosquitoes respond to different temperatures.
    
    Drug resistance
    The group documented a warming trend of about 0.5°C in Africa's highland regions from 1970. Even this, they calculate, could have had a profound effect on the number of mosquitoes able to breed in higher-altitude areas.
    
    "But it doesn’t prove that this is the main or only driver,” Pascual concedes. Other factors, such as changes in land use and growing resistance to anti-malaria drugs also influence the spread of the disease.
    
    The researchers have yet to relate their models of climate and mosquito populations to data gathered about human cases of malaria in Africa over the past half century. “It would be an interesting and important step,” Pascual says.
    
    Journal reference: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0508929103)
    
    www.newscientist.com/article/dn8872-s...
13. [verwijderd] 3 april 2006 15:15

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    Vaccine. 2006 Mar 6; [Epub ahead of print]
    
    Heterologous prime-boost immunization in rhesus macaques by two, optimally spaced particle-mediated epidermal deliveries of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein-encoding DNA, followed by intramuscular RTS,S/AS02A.
    
    Walsh DS, Gettayacamin M, Leitner WW, Lyon JA, Stewart VA, Marit G, Pichyangkul S, Gosi P, Tongtawe P, Kester KE, Holland CA, Kolodny N, Cohen J, Voss G, Ballou WR, Heppner DG Jr.
    
    Department of Immunology & Medicine, US Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand.
    
    BACKGROUND: RTS,S/AS02A, a recombinant Plasmodium falciparum vaccine based on the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) repeat and C-terminus regions, elicits strong humoral and Th1 cell-mediated immunity. In field studies, RTS,S/AS02A reduced malaria infection, clinical episodes, and disease severity. Heterologous prime-boost immunization regimens, optimally spaced, might improve the protective immunity of RTS,S/AS02A. METHODS: DNA plasmid encoding P. falciparum CSP (3D7) was administered to six experimental groups of rhesus monkeys (N=5) by gene gun (coded as D), followed by a 1/5th human dose of RTS,S/AS02A (coded as R). Immunization regimens, including a numeral to denote weeks between immunizations, were D-4-R, D-16-R, D-4-D-4-R, D-4-D-16-R, D-16-D-4-R and D-16-D-16-R. A control group (N=5) received a single 1/5th dose of RTS,S/AS02A. Endpoints were antibody (Ab) to homologous CSP repeat and C-terminus regions and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to CSP peptides. FINDINGS: Monkeys immunized twice with DNA, 16 weeks apart (D-16-D-4-R and D-16-D-16-R), developed higher levels of anti-C-terminus Abs than control monkeys (p<0.02). No CSP DNA priming regimen increased RTS,S/AS02A-induced Ab to CSP repeats. At 16 months after first immunization, D-R and D-D-R, but not control, monkeys had histologically confirmed DTH reactions against CSP C-terminus, which persisted at repeat testing 12 months later. INTERPRETATION: Two optimally spaced, particle-mediated epidermal deliveries of CSP DNA improved the humoral immunogenicity of a single dose of RTS,S/AS02A. Further, CSP DNA prime followed by one dose of RTS,S/AS02A gave biopsy proven DTH reactions against CSP C-terminus of up to 2 years duration, implying the induction of CD4+ memory T cells. Heterologous prime-boost strategies for malaria involving gene gun delivered DNA or more potent vectors, administered at optimal intervals, warrant further investigation.
    
    2 draadjes samenbrengen:
    www.iex.nl/forum/topic.asp?forum=228&...
14. [verwijderd] 3 april 2006 21:40

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    MVI Vaccine Development Projects
    MVI has ten vaccine development projects around the globe. Two of those have clinical trials in Africa underway. Each project is managed by a Joint Product Development Committee, with representation from MVI and the partner(s) involved in that particular project. Nine projects target P. falciparum, the most deadly form of malaria, while one focuses on P. vivax, the most widespread form. Click on a project title to read additional information. We will update this list as new projects are signed.
    ---------------------------------------------------
    Pre-clinical development and clinical evaluation of Liver Stage Antigen-1
    Objective: To manufacture at least one formulation of LSA-1 and evaluate the vaccine’s capacity to protect volunteers from artificial challenge.
    
    Lead Partner: Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Forest Glen, Maryland
    
    Additional partner: GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals (GSK), Rixensart, Belgium
    
    Agreement duration: October 2004 - 2007
    ---------------------------------------------------
    Development and Evaluation of Adenovirus-vectors for a Malaria Vaccine
    Objective: To assess the feasibility of including five optimized genes for Plasmodium falciparum malaria antigens in adenovirus-vectors.
    
    Lead Partner: GenVec Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland
    
    Additional Partner: U.S. Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland
    
    Agreement Duration: March 2004– 2007
    ---------------------------------------------------
    Pediatric Clinical Development of RTS,S/AS02A Malaria Vaccine
    Objective: To demonstrate the safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of RTS,S—a pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine candidate—in children in endemic countries.
    
    Lead Partner: GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals (GSK), Rixensart, Belgium
    
    Clinical Trial Partners: UK Medical Research Council, The Gambia; Centro de Investigaçao em Saude de Manhiça, Mozambique
    
    Agreement Duration: January 2001 – 2005
    ---------------------------------------------------
    Development of MSP1-42 and AMA-1
    Objective: To enable the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases’ (NIAID’s) Malaria Vaccine Development Branch (MVDB) to produce and evaluate several Plasmodium falciparum blood stage antigens.
    
    Lead Partner: NIH/NIAID/Malaria Vaccine Development Branch, Bethesda, Maryland
    
    Additional Partners: Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Pilot Lot Production Facility, Forest Glen, Maryland; Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
    
    Agreement Duration: April 2001 – 2004
    ---------------------------------------------------
    Development and Initial Clinical Testing of Plasmodium vivax Duffy Binding Protein
    Objective: To conclude pre-clinical development, manufacture under cGMP conditions, and conduct initial human clinical safety trials on the PvRII fraction of the Plasmodium vivax Duffy Binding Protein.
    
    Lead Partner: International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
    
    Additional Partner: Bharat Biotech Int’l, Hyderabad, India
    
    Agreement Duration: June 2001 – 2007
    ---------------------------------------------------
    Development, Manufacture, and Testing of Recombinant Modified Vaccinia Ankara and Fowlpox-9 Malaria Vaccines
    Objective: To develop two strains of recombinant non-replicating pox virus constructs (MVA and FP9) and test the vaccines alone and in combination for safety and efficacy using the human challenge model.
    
    Lead Partner: Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
    
    Additional Partners: Oxxon Pharmaccines, Oxford, England; Impfstoffwerke Dessau-Tornan (IDT), Rosslau and Dessau, Germany
    
    Agreement Duration: October 2001 – December 2005
    ---------------------------------------------------
    Development of Merozoite Surface Protein 2 (MSP2) as a Vaccine Against P. falciparum
    Objectives: To support the process development, cGMP manufacture, and formulation of MSP2 (3D7 and FC27) as malaria vaccines and to demonstrate the safety and immunogenicity of the MSP2 formulations in a Phase 1 clinical trial in healthy malaria-naïve adults.
    
    Lead Partner: LaTrobe University, Melbourne, Australia
    
    Additional Partners: GroPep, Ltd, Adelaide, Australia; Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
    
    Agreement Duration: December 2001 – 2006
    ---------------------------------------------------
    Pre-clinical Development and Manufacture of MSP 4 and MSP 5
    Objective: To complete all pre-clinical development including preparation of regulatory documentation for two recombinant protein vaccine candidates based on merozoite surface antigens (MSP-4 and MSP-5).
    
    Lead Partner: Monash University, Clayton, Australia
    
    Additional Partner: CSL Melbourne Australia
    
    Agreement Duration: December 2001 – December 2007
    ---------------------------------------------------
    Development, Manufacture, and Clinical Testing of RAP-2
    Objective: To support the process development, cGMP manufacture, and formation of RAP2 as a malaria vaccine candidate and to demonstrate the safety and immunogenicity of the RAP2 formulations in a Phase 1 clinical trial in healthy, malaria-naïve adults.
    
    Lead Partner: Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
    
    Additional Partner: CSIRO Melbourne Australia
    
    Agreement Duration: December 2001 – December 2007
    ---------------------------------------------------
    Clinical Development of MSP-1/AS02A (FMP1) Candidate Malaria Vaccine
    Objective: Demonstrate the safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of FMP1 in children in Western Kenya.
    
    Lead Partner: Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Forest Glen, Maryland
    
    Clinical Trial Partners: Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI); WRAIR's U.S. Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-Kenya)
    
    Additional Partners: U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC; GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium; Statistics Collaborative, Inc. (SCI), Washington, DC
    
    Objective: Demonstrate the safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of FMP1 in Western Kenya
    
    Duration of Current Agreement: April 2002 – 2006
    
    www.malariavaccine.org/ab-current_pro...
15. [verwijderd] 6 april 2006 19:26

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    Stefan noemde siRNA een van de belangrijkste biotech vindingen van de laatste 20 jaar. Het zou kunnen, vind ik, maar klinisch moet het zich ook nog gaan bewijzen.
    
    In de laatste Biotechniques is een special gewijd aan siRNA. Een ieder die geinteresseerd is, kan zich hier gratis voor registreren op de site: www.biotechniques.com/default.asp?pag...
    
    siRNA kan klinisch toepasbaar worden in infectieziekten zoals HIV en Malaria. Zie hier een abstract over malaria:
    
    BioTechniques® April 2006
    Volume 40, Number 4: pp S38-S44
    Reviews
    Toward silencing the burden of malaria: progress and prospects for RNAi-based approaches
    Anthony E. Brown and Flaminia Catteruccia
    
    The discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) is one of the most significant of recent years, with potential for application beyond the laboratory to the clinic. As a tool for functional genomics, RNAi has permitted the characterization of genes in organisms that had previously remained recalcitrant to targeted gene manipulation. Efforts to understand its mode of action have revealed a central role in gene regulation and host defense. Finally, as a therapeutic tool, it has shown enormous promise in the control of a large array of diseases. Here we examine how RNAi is revolutionizing malaria research in an organism, the Anopheles mosquito, that until recently was essentially resistant to genetic study, and show how its application in both the mosquito vector and the Plasmodium parasite might ultimately lead to new ways of controlling and perhaps even eradicating this devastating disease.
16. [verwijderd] 6 april 2006 20:20

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    Biocon,
    
    Is dit van het biotechbedrijf Sirna Therapeutics? (nasd: RNAI)
    
    www.sirna.com/index.html
    
    Dirk
17. [verwijderd] 6 april 2006 22:05

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    Dirk,
    
    Bijna alle auteurs in dit issue zijn van academische instituten in de USA, op Cristina M. Rondinone na, die is van Hofman-La Roche.
    
    Introduction
    The diversity of RNAi and its applications
    Rajesh K. Gaur and John J. Rossi
    BioTechniques Vol. 40 Supplement: pp S4-S5 (Apr 2006)
    
    Reviews
    
    Therapeutic potential of siRNA-mediated transcriptional gene silencing
    Kevin V. Morris
    BioTechniques Vol. 40 Supplement: pp S7-S13 (Apr 2006)
    
    RNA interference: a potential therapeutic tool for silencing splice isoforms linked to human diseases
    Rajesh K. Gaur
    BioTechniques Vol. 40 Supplement: pp S15-S22 (Apr 2006)
    
    RNAi as a treatment for HIV-1 infection
    John J. Rossi
    BioTechniques Vol. 40 Supplement: pp S25-S29 (Apr 2006)
    
    Therapeutic potential of RNAi in metabolic diseases
    Cristina M. Rondinone
    BioTechniques Vol. 40 Supplement: pp S31-S36 (Apr 2006)
    
    Toward silencing the burden of malaria: progress and prospects for RNAi-based approaches
    Anthony E. Brown and Flaminia Catteruccia
    BioTechniques Vol. 40 Supplement: pp S38-S44 (Apr 2006)
    
    groeten
    Biocon
18. [verwijderd] 6 april 2006 22:08

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    Dank, Biocon.
    
    Ik vind op de site van Sirna ook niets over Malaria!
    
    groeten
    
    Dirk
19. [verwijderd] 12 april 2006 20:18

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    Published online: 12 April 2006; | doi:10.1038/440852b
    Malaria breakthrough raises spectre of drug resistance
    Yeast engineered to produce potent drug.
    Narelle Towie
    
    LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE & TROPICAL MEDICINE/SPL
    
    The 'miracle' malaria drug artemisinin is a step closer to being produced plentifully and cheaply. Synthetic chemists have put plant genes into yeast to make it churn out large amounts of the precursor artemisinic acid. The discovery brings hope to areas such as sub-Saharan Africa, where those who need the drug most can ill afford it.
    
    Researchers have praised the work and are excited that it may soon be possible to get artemisinin to the 300 million to 500 million people infected with malaria each year. But many are also concerned that this will trigger the emergence of resistance to the drug, thus destroying our most effective weapon against the disease.
    
    Artemisinin is extracted from the leaves of Artemisia annua, or sweet wormwood, and has been used for more than 2,000 years by the Chinese as a herbal medicine called qinghaosu. The parasite that causes malaria has become at least partly resistant to every other treatment tried so far. Artemisinin is still effective, but it is costly and scarce.
    
    "This drug is such an important thing for malaria," says David Warhurst, an expert in protozoan chemotherapy at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. "It is the basis of all the new treatments that are going ahead."
    
    Artemisinin is the basis of all the new treatments that are going ahead.
    
    
    
    Jay Keasling at the University of California, Berkeley, and his colleagues tweaked a pathway and used three plant genes to persuade yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to produce and secrete large amounts of artemisinic acid, which is just a few chemical steps away from artemisinin. The researchers, whose paper 'Production of the antimalarial drug precursor artemisinic acid in engineered yeast', hope that once the process is scaled up it will allow artemisinin to be made industrially. A course of artemisinin currently costs US$2.40; cutting the cost to 10% of that should make it affordable for most sufferers.
    
    Work towards industrial production has already been started by the non-profit pharmaceutical company Institute for OneWorld Health, based in San Francisco, California, in partnership with Amyris Biotechnologies and with the help of $42.6 million from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. "We're focusing on producing a known pharmaceutical so that it reaches the people who need it most," says Jack Newman, co-founder of Amyris, based in Emeryville, California. But he is hopeful that the work will lead to industrial production of other plant-based drugs in a similar way.
    
    The prospect of plentiful artemisinin is encouraging, but if the parasite becomes resistant, increased drug production will be worthless. "The loss of artemisinin could spell disaster for malaria sufferers," warns Chris Hentschel, head of the non-profit Medicines for Malaria Venture, based in Geneva.
    
    There is no consensus on how likely resistance is, but some think the risk is high. Artemisinin works by disabling a calcium pump in the malaria parasite, and last year researchers reported that the mutation of a single amino acid was sufficient to confer resistance (A.-C. Uhleman et al. Nature Struct. Mol. Biol. 12, 628–629; 2005). When another team gave low doses of artemisinin to parasites taken from patients in French Guiana, some mutated, becoming highly resistant to the drug (R. Jambou et al. Lancet 366, 1960–1963; 2005).
    
    The main way to stop resistance arising is to always give the drug in combination with others. In January, the World Health Organization (WHO) made a plea to pharmaceutical companies to end the marketing and sale of single-drug artemisinin medicines. But as other malaria drugs grow increasingly ineffective, many feel that resistance to artemisinin is inevitable.
    
    "We hope it won't happen," says Warhurst. "But looking for new drugs is important."
    www.nature.com/news/2006/060410/full/...
20. [verwijderd] 18 april 2006 16:52

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    Malaria kills 50 in India
    
    At least 50 people have died from a malaria epidemic sweeping India's northeast and another 25,000 have fallen sick from the illness, health officials said.
    .Malaria has been detected in other northeastern states but the fatalities have only been reported in tea-and-resource-rich Assam state, officials said Tuesday.
    ."Fifty people have died of cerebral malaria since the beginning of April with the eastern districts of Lakhmipur and Golaghat being worst affected," Assam Health Minister Bhumidhar Barman told AFP.
    .He added an estimated 25,000 more people in the state of 26 million were sick with the illness but said "we've been able to check the spread of the disease and the trend is gradually declining."
    ."Doctors and paramedics have fanned out to all the malaria-prone areas to take preventive steps and cure those hit by the disease," the minister said.
    .India's northeast is known as a "malaria belt" with the disease claiming some 500 lives annually. At least 230 people died in Assam last year of malaria which is caused by a small parasite spread through mosquito bites.
    .The dangerous season in India's northeast lasts three to four months beginning in mid-March. Cerebral malaria is the severest form of the disease and can cause seizures, comas and other problems.
    .Health officials in adjoining Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland states said malaria had been reported in their regions, but not on the same scale as in Assam. — AFP
    www.todayonline.com/articles/113335.asp